civil
engineering
Sub-disciplines.
In general, civil engineering is concerned with the overall
interface of human created fixed projects with the greater world. General civil
engineers work closely with surveyors and specialized civil engineers to design
grading, drainage, pavement, water supply, sewer service, dams, electric and
communications supply. General civil engineering is also referred to as site
engineering, a branch of civil engineering that primarily focuses on converting
a tract of land from one usage to another. Site engineers spend time visiting
project sites, meeting with stakeholders, and preparing construction plans.
Civil engineers apply the principles of geotechnical engineering, structural
engineering, environmental engineering, transportation engineering and
construction engineering to residential, commercial, industrial and public
works projects of all sizes and levels of construction.
Coastal
engineering
Coastal engineering is concerned with managing coastal
areas. In some jurisdictions, the terms sea defense and coastal protection mean
defense against flooding and erosion, respectively. The term coastal defense is
the more traditional term, but coastal management has become more popular as
the field has expanded to techniques that allow erosion to claim land.
Construction
engineering
Main article: Construction engineering
Construction engineering involves planning and execution,
transportation of materials, site development based on hydraulic,
environmental, structural and geotechnical engineering. As construction firms
tend to have higher business risk than other types of civil engineering firms
do, construction engineers often engage in more business-like transactions, for
example, drafting and reviewing contracts, evaluating logistical operations,
and monitoring prices of supplies.
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